علامہ محمد اقبال
1877–1938
Biography
Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), usually called Allama Iqbal, was a poet and thinker born in Sialkot, in the Punjab. He studied in Lahore and then in Europe, at Cambridge and at Munich, where he took a doctorate in philosophy, and he qualified as a barrister before settling in Lahore to practise law, teach and write. He died there in April 1938.
He wrote his poetry in Urdu and in Persian. His early Urdu poems are lyrics and songs of nature and country, and from 1915 he turned to Persian, partly to reach readers across the Muslim world. Running through the later books is the idea of selfhood, that a person and a people grow strong by love, effort and a purpose of their own. He set out his thought in prose as well, in English lectures published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. He took part in the politics of his day, and in 1930 he called for a self-governing Muslim region in the north-west of India. Pakistan honours him as its national poet.
The site holds eleven of his verse collections, which are in the public domain: from the Urdu books, Bang-e-Dara, Bal-e-Jibril, Zarb-e-Kalim and the Urdu part of Armughan-e-Hijaz; and from the Persian ones, Asrar-e-Khudi, Rumuz-e-Bekhudi, Payam-e-Mashriq, Zabur-e-Ajam, Javid Nama, Pas Chih Bayad Kard with Musafir, and the Persian part of Armughan-e-Hijaz.
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Books
ارمغانِ حجاز (اردو)
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Armughan-e-Hijaz ("The Gift of the Hijaz", 1938) appeared after Muhammad Iqbal's death, and this is its short Urdu part; the Persian part is a separate book on this shelf. It opens with poems such as "Iblis ki Majlis-e-Shura" (The Parliament of the Devil), continues with a…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.ارمغانِ حجاز (فارسی)
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Armughan-e-Hijaz ("The Gift of the Hijaz", 1938) appeared after Muhammad Iqbal's death, and this is its Persian part; the Urdu part is a separate book on this shelf. It is made almost wholly of quatrains, framed as the offering of a pilgrim to the Hijaz, in five sections: in the…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.اسرارِ خودی
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Asrar-e-Khudi ("The Secrets of the Self", 1915) is Muhammad Iqbal's first Persian book, a mathnavi in which he sets out his philosophy of the self (khudi): that a person grows strong through love, through setting and pursuing aims, and through three stages of training…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.بالِ جبریل
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Bal-e-Jibril ("Gabriel's Wing", 1935) is Muhammad Iqbal's second book of Urdu poems and is often counted his finest. Two parts of ghazals are followed by a section of quatrains and then the longer poems, among them "Masjid-e-Qurtuba" (The Mosque of Cordoba), "Zauq o Shauq"…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.بانگِ درا
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Bang-e-Dara ("The Call of the Marching Bell", 1924) is Muhammad Iqbal's first book of Urdu poems, arranged in three parts by the periods of his life: the years before he left for Europe in 1905, his student years there until 1908, and the time after his return. It holds nature…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.پس چه باید کرد ای اقوام شرق
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Pas Chih Bayad Kard ay Aqwam-e-Sharq ("What Then Is To Be Done, O Nations of the East?", 1936) is a late Persian mathnavi of Muhammad Iqbal on the spiritual and political state of the East, with chapters on the wisdom of Moses and of Pharaoh, on poverty and the free man, on the…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.پیامِ مشرق
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Payam-e-Mashriq ("The Message of the East", 1923) is Muhammad Iqbal's answer in Persian to Goethe's West-östlicher Divan, a book of poems that speaks for the East to the West. After a dedication to King Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan come the Tulip of Sinai, a long run of…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.جاوید نامه
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Javid Nama ("The Book of Eternity", 1932) is Muhammad Iqbal's Persian epic of a journey through the heavens, in which Rumi guides the poet, as Virgil guides Dante, through the spheres of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn and on beyond them to the presence of…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.رموزِ بیخودی
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Rumuz-e-Bekhudi ("The Mysteries of Selflessness", 1918) is the companion mathnavi to Asrar-e-Khudi: where that book is about the individual, this one is about the community (millat). It sets out the pillars of the Muslim community, belief in one God and the prophethood of…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.زبورِ عجم
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Zabur-e-Ajam ("The Persian Psalms", 1927) is Muhammad Iqbal's book of Persian ghazals, in which the old language of love and longing is turned to the call for selfhood, action and a new world. It is followed by two mathnavis: Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadid, a modern answer to…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.ضربِ کلیم
by علامہ محمد اقبال
Zarb-e-Kalim ("The Rod of Moses", 1936) is a book of short, pointed poems that Muhammad Iqbal subtitled a declaration of war against the present age. Its sections turn in order to Islam and the Muslims, education, women, literature and the fine arts, and the politics of East and…
Summary written by claude-sonnet-5-5.